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ESD測試(shi)儀其實是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)款靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)發生(sheng)器，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由兩種不(bu)同物(wu)質(zhi)的互相摩擦(ca)，通(tong)過正(zheng)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷積蓄在相互摩擦(ca)的兩個物(wu)體(ti)而形成(cheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。人造(zao)纖(xian)維和塑(su)料(liao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常見的摩擦(ca)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)，當(dang)摩擦(ca)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓后，就會出現ESD問題。對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器件來說，靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能量是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)能忽視的，它可以擊穿半(ban)導體(ti)元(yuan)件，從而破壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。

通常ESD測(ce)試儀通過兩(liang)種主(zhu)要方(fang)式(shi)產生EMC問題：即(ji)傳導方(fang)式(shi)和輻射干(gan)擾方(fang)式(shi)。

（1）傳導方式。靜電(dian)放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)直接流(liu)過電(dian)路中，因為ESD產生很高的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，如(ru)果(guo)進(jin)入到半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)，就可(ke)能產生誤(wu)操作，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)很容易破壞半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)器(qi)(qi)件，現代半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)(ti)元器(qi)(qi)件的(de)內部絕緣常(chang)常(chang)會在幾(ji)十伏電(dian)壓(ya)下擊(ji)穿并(bing)(bing)且(qie)永(yong)久(jiu)短(duan)路，這是一個(ge)很嚴重的(de)ESD問(wen)題，日常(chang)生活中這個(ge)問(wen)題是普(pu)遍存(cun)在的(de)。

（2）輻射(she)干(gan)擾。當靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時（可用靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)測試儀模擬測試），產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)火花(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)輻射(she)磁場(chang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)。磁場(chang)能夠在(zai)(zai)附近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)各個信號環路中感應出噪聲(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。由(you)于在(zai)(zai)很(hen)短時間內(nei)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了較大的(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，所以在(zai)(zai)信號環路中產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可能會超過邏輯元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)閾(yu)值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平，引起元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)誤(wu)觸(chu)發。

在(zai)電路中，因(yin)為人體(ti)靜電產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)ESD問題是最常見的(de)。干燥氣候環境下人體(ti)ESD的(de)電壓很容易超過8kV、15kV甚至(zhi)20kV，因(yin)此我(wo)們需要重視這樣的(de)靜電電壓對PCB及元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)的(de)影響，并采(cai)取(qu)相應措施防止ESD問題。